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Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the footwear fitting and its impact on foot construction features in primary schoolgirls. Methods: The study group was comprised of 100 girls aged 9 years. The study relied on the CQ-ST podoscop...
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Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the footwear fitting and its impact on foot construction features in primary schoolgirls. Methods: The study group was comprised of 100 girls aged 9 years. The study relied on the CQ-ST podoscope and the Clevermess device for pertinent measurements. The data were analyzed based on the Mann-Whitney U-test, multiple regression analysis and simple regression. Results: Too short right footwear had 37% of the girls and the left - 38% of the girls, while too long shoes were worn respectively by: 14% of the girls and 15% of the girls. Too wide footwear in relation to the right foot width had 45% of the group and in relation to the left foot: 41% of the group. Too narrow right shoes had 23% of the group and the left - 32% of the group. Statistically significant influence of the excess of outdoor footwear width was found on the Clarke's angle values (p = 0.041), the fifth toe setting of the right foot (p = 0.015) and Wejsflog index of the left foot (p = 0.036). Conclusions: Most 9-year-old girls wear poorly fitted outdoor footwear. Appropriately selected footwear in terms of the width facilitates the formation of foot architecture, but wearing too wide footwear increases the risk of hollow feet and the varus deformity of the fifth toe.
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In this work, the intermolecular interactions for binary mixtures of ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate with acetic and propionic acid were evaluated throu...
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In this work, the intermolecular interactions for binary mixtures of ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate with acetic and propionic acid were evaluated through the measurement of thermophysical properties, density (?), sound velocity (u), refractive index (nD) and surface tension (?) at T = (293.15-333. 15) K and p = 0.1 MPa. The experimental results were used to compute the thermodynamic properties of the binary mixtures, which were then fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The FTIR spectra of the pure components and the binary mixtures at an equimolar composition were recorded to confirm results from thermodynamic properties. The variations of the thermodynamic properties with IL mole fraction and temperature and the effect of the IL anion and alkyl length of the carboxylic acid on the thermodynamic properties have been discussed.
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The objective of this research was to develop and parameterise a physically justified yet low-parametermodel to quantify observed changes in surface runoff ratios with hillslope length. The approach starts with the assumption that...
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The objective of this research was to develop and parameterise a physically justified yet low-parametermodel to quantify observed changes in surface runoff ratios with hillslope length. The approach starts with the assumption that a unit of rainfall-excess runoff generated at a point is a fraction β of precipitation P (m) which travels some variable distance down a slope before reinfiltrating, depending on the local rainfall, climate, soils, etc. If this random distance travelled Y is represented by a distribution, then a survival function will describe the probability of this unit of runoff travelling further than some distance x (m). The total amount of per unit width runoffQ(m2) flowing across the lower boundary of a slope of length λ (m)may be considered the sumof all the proportions of the units of rainfall excess runoff integrated from the lower boundary x = 0 to the upper boundary x=λ of the slope. Using these assumptions we derive a model Q(λ) = βPμλ/(μ + λ), (μ>0, 0≤β≤1, λ≥0) that describes the change in surface runoff with slope length, where μ (m) is the mean of the random variable Y. Dividing both sides of this equation by Pλ yields a simple two-parameter equation for the dimensionless hillslope runoff ratio Qh(λ) = βμ/(μ + λ). The model was parameterised with new rainfall and runoff data collected from three replicates of bounded 2m wide plots of four different lengths (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0m) for 2 years from a forested SE Australian site, and with 32 slope length-runoff data sets from 12 other published studies undertaken between 1934 and 2010. Using the parameterised model resulted in a Nash and Sutcliffe statistic between observed and predicted runoff ratio (for all data sets combined) of 0.93, compared with -2.1 when the runoff ratio was fixed at the value measured from the shortest plot.
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Starting from a probability on the half-line with moments of any order A. G. Pakes has defined probabilities by length biasing of order r and g_r by the stationary-excess operation of order r, r = 1, 2…. Examples are given to sho...
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Starting from a probability on the half-line with moments of any order A. G. Pakes has defined probabilities by length biasing of order r and g_r by the stationary-excess operation of order r, r = 1, 2…. Examples are given to show that σ can be determined in the Stieltjes sense while σ_1 and g_1 are indeterminate in the Stieltjes sense. This shows that a statement in a recent paper by Pakes does not hold.
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Background. Studies estimating excess length of stay (LOS) attributable to nosocomial infections have failed to address-time-varying confounding, likely leading to overestimation of their impact. We present a methodology based on ...
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Background. Studies estimating excess length of stay (LOS) attributable to nosocomial infections have failed to address-time-varying confounding, likely leading to overestimation of their impact. We present a methodology based on inverse probability-weighted survival curves to address this limitation.
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BackgroundDisposition of trauma patients frequently results in excessive hospital-stay. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of developing complications due to excessive stay in the hospital. MethodsOver a period of 4 year...
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BackgroundDisposition of trauma patients frequently results in excessive hospital-stay. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of developing complications due to excessive stay in the hospital. MethodsOver a period of 4 years (2012–2015) we analyzed all trauma patients with hospital length-of-stay (h-LOS) >30 days. Outcome measures were complications after termination of medical care. Results416 patients were identified having h-LOS>30 days of which 61.0% (254) had an excess hospital stay and were included. The most common causes of excess hospital stay were placement in SNiF followed by placement in Inpatient-Rehabilitation. Excessive hospital-stay was independently associated with the development of complications (p?=?0.004). Each excess day in the hospital after completion of medical care was associated with 5% higher odds of complications (OR [95%CI]: 1.05[1.02–1.09]) independent of presenting condition of the patient. ConclusionEach extra day spent in the hospital after completion of medical care was associated with higher odds of developing complications.
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Short duration repeated maximal efforts are often used in swimming training to improve lactate tolerance, which gives swimmers the ability to maintain a high work rate for a longer period of time. The aim of the study was to exami...
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Short duration repeated maximal efforts are often used in swimming training to improve lactate tolerance, which gives swimmers the ability to maintain a high work rate for a longer period of time. The aim of the study was to examine the kinematics of swimming and its relation to the changes in blood acid-base status and potassium level. Seven collegiate swimmers, with at least 6 years of training experience, volunteered to participate in the study. The test consisted of 8 x 25 m front crawl performed with maximum effort. The rest period between repetitions was set to five seconds. Blood samples were taken from the fingertip at rest, after warm-up and in the 3rd minute after completion of the test. The swimming was recorded with a video recorder, for later analysis of time, velocity and technique (stroke index). Based on the swimming velocity results, the obtained curve can be divided into rapid decrease of velocity and relatively stable velocities. The breaking point of repetition in swimming velocity was assumed as the swimming velocity threshold and it was highly correlated with the decrease of the blood acid-base status (pH r=0.82, BE r=0.87, HCO_3 r=0,76; p<0.05 in all cases). There was no correlation between stroke index or fatigue index and blood acid-base status. Analysis of the swimming speed in the 8 x 25 m test seems to be helpful in evaluation of lactate tolerance (anaerobic capacity) in collegiate swimmers.
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The concept of intermolecular free length has been applied to some binary liquid mixtures namely 1-chloro naphthalene + decane,1-chloro naphthalene + dodecane,benzene + p-xylene and benzene + p-dioxane.The intermolecular interacti...
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The concept of intermolecular free length has been applied to some binary liquid mixtures namely 1-chloro naphthalene + decane,1-chloro naphthalene + dodecane,benzene + p-xylene and benzene + p-dioxane.The intermolecular interaction study was made through the excess free length for the systems under investigation.The free length (L_f) values obtained by the two methods have been compared.The results are consistent with the theories.
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Densities (ρ), and ultrasonic speeds (u) of {difurylmethane + (methanol or ethanol or propan-1-ol or butan-1-ol or pentan-1-ol or hexan-1-ol)} binary mixtures have been measured over the entire composition range at T = 298.15 K a...
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Densities (ρ), and ultrasonic speeds (u) of {difurylmethane + (methanol or ethanol or propan-1-ol or butan-1-ol or pentan-1-ol or hexan-1-ol)} binary mixtures have been measured over the entire composition range at T = 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Excess isentropic compressibility coefficient, _(κs)E, excess ultrasonic speeds, u~E and excess intermolecular free length, LfE, of each binary system were calculated and correlated by the Redlich-Kister equation. The results are discussed in terms of possible intermolecular interactions and structural effects.
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